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AS49581Ferdinand Zink trading as Tube-Hosting

GermanyRegistryRIPE NCCTypeContent

As of 11th November 2026, AS49581 (Ferdinand Zink trading as Tube-Hosting), a content network registered in Germany with RIPE NCC, originates 40 IPv4 prefixes covering 10.2k addresses and 3 IPv6 prefixes. By IPv4 address space that makes it the 10,514th-largest of the 80,747 networks we see originating IPv4, and the 373rd-largest of 2,331 in Germany. It is seen behind 26 upstream networks, most often AS44592 (SkyLink Data Center BV) and AS6453 (TATA Communications (America) Inc), and in front of 104 downstream networks. 98% of its announcements have a valid RPKI ROA, and none are RPKI-invalid. 100% of its routes reach at least 90% of full-feed peers.

At a glance

IPv4 prefixes

40

IPv6 prefixes

3

IPv4 addresses

10.2k

IPv6 /64s

38.7B

Upstream graph

The networks AS49581 is seen behind, one and two hops out, drawn from real AS paths.

AS49581Toward the internet core
Upstream graph for AS49581: 12 neighbouring networks observed beyond it across 2 levels. The same networks are listed in the tables below.AS49581Ferdinand Zink tr…This networkAS3257GTT Communication…AS6453TATA Communicatio…AS6939Hurricane Electri…AS13030Init7 (Switzerlan…AS44592SkyLink Data Cent…AS398465Rackdog LLCAS8220COLTAS35280F5 Networks SARLAS20130Depaul UniversityAS132337AxclusiveAS6204INTERKVM HOST SRLAS33891Core-Backbone GmbH

Networks observed one and two hops upstream of AS49581 in real AS paths. A thicker line means more vantage points saw that adjacency, so weight tracks how well attested it is — not how much traffic it carries. Adjacency is an observation; whether it is a transit purchase or a settlement-free peering is an inference, and is labelled as one wherever we show it.

Neighbouring networks

346

adjacent networks

Upstreams
268%
Peers
21662%
Downstreams
10430%

Networks carrying this one's traffic toward the rest of the internet.

Upstreams of AS49581
NetworkCountryRelationshipPathsVantage pts
AS44592SkyLink Data Center BVNLPeer41,823126
AS6453TATA Communications (America) IncUSPeer8,49344
AS6939Hurricane Electric LLCUSPeer6,99256
AS3257GTT Communications Inc.USPeer3,27995
AS13030Init7 (Switzerland) Ltd.CHPeer1,2584
AS62403PletX GmbHDEPeer1,12576
AS24482SG.GSSGPeer7955
AS24940Hetzner Online GmbHDEPeer7442
AS25091IP-Max SACHPeer7403
AS49544i3D.net B.VNLPeer7332

Prefixes

All 43

The largest blocks AS49581 originates, widest first.

Largest prefixes originated by AS49581
PrefixAddressesVisibility
2.58.113.0/2425676/76
5.83.153.0/2425676/76
5.231.242.0/2425676/76
5.253.246.0/2425676/76
31.58.182.0/2425676/76
37.221.92.0/2425676/76
37.221.94.0/2425676/76
45.13.227.0/2425676/76
45.84.198.0/2425676/76
45.131.108.0/2425676/76

Routing health

How AS49581's own announcements validate against RPKI and how far they propagate. The same measures for the whole routing table are on the routing table in numbers.

RPKI origin validation

  • Valid97.7%42
  • Invalid0.0%0
  • No ROA2.3%1

Propagation

  • Globally propagated90% of full-feed peers or more100.0%43
  • Partially propagated40% to 90%0.0%0
  • Seen by few peersUnder 40%0.0%0

Prefix sizes

IPv4 — 40 prefixes

IPv6 — 3 prefixes

  • /2934.4B × /6433.3%1
  • /324.3B × /6433.3%1
  • /4865.5k × /6433.3%1

Recent changes

Announcements that started or stopped since 12th Oct 2026.

Routing data derived from RouteViews MRT archives, BGPKIT relationship inference and public registry data.